Succubus Heat CHAPTER 1

Sleeping with my therapist was a bad idea. I knew it too, but I couldn't really help it. There were only so many times I could hear â€Å"Why don't you explain that† and â€Å"Tell me how you feel.† So, I finally snapped and decided to show the guy how I felt. I've gotta say, for a decent guy who had never cheated on his wife, he wasn't that hard to take advantage of. And by â€Å"not hard,† I mean â€Å"ridiculously easy.† His pseudo morals gave me a strong succubus energy fix, and when you consider that what we did was probably the most productive thing that ever took place on his couch, it was almost like I did a good deed. Still, I knew my boss was going to be pissed, seeing as he was the one who'd ordered me to seek counseling in the first place. â€Å"Do not tell Jerome,† I warned my friends, tapping my cigarette against the ashtray. â€Å"I don't want to deal with that kind of fallout.† My friends and I were sitting at a booth in Cold July, an industrial club down in Seattle's Belltown district. The place was dark and loud, with crisscrossing pipes on the walls and ceiling forming the bulk of the d? ¦cor. Because it was a private club, it didn't have to adhere to the city's public smoking ban, which was a perk for me. In the last few months, I'd found nicotine was one of the essential things helping me cope. Other things on the essential list: vodka, Nine Inch Nails, a steady supply of moral men, and an all-purpose bitchy attitude. â€Å"Look, Georgina,† said my friend Hugh. He was an imp, a type of hellish legal assistant who bought souls for our masters and did assorted middle-management tasks. He had dark-cropped hair and was big without being fat. â€Å"I'm no expert in mental health, but I'm going to go out on a limb here and say that probably wasn't a helpful step on the road to healing.† I shrugged and let my eyes scan the crowded room for potential victims. There were some pretty good pickings here. â€Å"Well, he wasn't that good. At therapy, I mean. Besides, I don't think I need it anymore.† Silence met me, inasmuch as silence could meet me in a place so noisy. I turned back to my friends. Hugh was making no pretense of hiding his you're fucking crazy look. Our vampire friends, Peter and Cody, at least had the decency to avert their eyes. I narrowed mine and put out the cigarette. â€Å"I don't suppose,† said Peter at last, â€Å"that this is anybody you'd maybe, uh, like to date long term?† â€Å"Yeah,† agreed Cody, eyes wide and hopeful. â€Å"I bet a therapist would be a great listener. And you wouldn't even have to pay for it.† â€Å"My insurance pays for it,† I snapped. â€Å"And I don't really appreciate your passive-aggressive attitude about my boyfriend.† â€Å"It's not that passive,† said Hugh. â€Å"You could do better, sweetie.† â€Å"The guy's corrupt and going to Hell. How is this a problem for you? And you didn't like my last boyfriend either. Maybe you should stop worrying about my love life and go back to figuring out how to get your latest secretary into bed.† In what had to be a weird twist of the universe, none of my friends liked my current boyfriend, a dark magician named Dante. Dante's morals were pretty nonexistent, and he owned stock in bitterness and cynicism. That would make you think he'd fit in perfectly with this group of damned souls, but for whatever reason, he didn't. â€Å"You aren't meant to be with someone bad,† said Cody. We were all immortal now but were considered â€Å"lesser immortals.† That meant we had once been human before selling our souls into Hell's service. Cody was young compared to the rest of us in our little circle. Hugh claimed almost a century. Peter and I had millennia. As such, there was almost a naà ¯vet? ¦ about Cody, a charming idealism that rivaled the kind I used to have. It had been shattered when my previous boyfriend, a human named Seth, had left me for a friend of mine. Seth was a good soul, quiet and infinitely kind. He'd made me believe in better things, like that maybe there was hope for a succubus like me. I'd thought I was in love-no, I had been in love. Even I could admit that. But as a succubus, I brought a dangerous element to any relationship. When I had sex with a guy (or a girl-it worked either way), I stole their life energy, which was the power that fueled every human soul. It kept me alive and sustained my immortal existence. The purer the guy, the more energy I took. The more energy I took, the more I shortened his life. With Dante, I had almost no effect. He had little energy to give, so our sex life was relatively â€Å"safe,† and I therefore sought my fixes from meaningless guys on the side. With Seth†¦well, that had been a different story. Sleeping with him would have had very detrimental effects-so I'd refused to do it. For a while, we'd lived on love alone, our relationship being about a lot more than a physical act. Over time, however, that had taken its toll, as had a number of simple relationship complications. Things had finally blown up when Seth had slept with my friend Maddie. I think he'd done it to encourage me to break up, hoping to spare me future pain. Whatever the initial intent, he and Maddie had actually gone on to establish a fairly serious relationship in the following months. I hadn't taken that very well. â€Å"There's no pleasing you guys,† I growled, beckoning the waiter for another drink. He ignored me, irritating me further. â€Å"You don't like good ones. You don't like bad ones. What the fuck does it take?† A new voice suddenly cut into our circle. â€Å"Please tell me we're discussing your romantic hijinks, Georgie. There's nothing I enjoy more.† There he was, standing beside our table: my boss Jerome, archdemon of Seattle and its greater metropolitan area. I glared. I didn't appreciate the mocking tone-or him calling me Georgie. He sat down beside Hugh, and the waiter I'd been trying to summon dashed over immediately. We ordered a new round of drinks. Jerome was clearly in a good mood today, which always made our lives easier. He had on a black designer suit, and his hair was styled exactly the same as John Cusack's had been in a recent TV interview I watched. That probably bears mentioning: Jerome's human body of choice was a clone of John Cusack. Succubi can change shape because that's part of what helps us with seduction. Demons can change shape simply because-like angels-they're insanely powerful beings who have been around since the beginning of time. They're â€Å"greater immortals.† Because of a weird fan obsession that he adamantly denied, Jerome chose to interact in the mortal world looking like the actor. The strange thing was that when we were out like this, humans never seemed to notice the resemblance. â€Å"You haven't been out with us in a while,† I pointed out, hoping to change the subject. â€Å"I thought you've been busy with demon stuff.† Rumor had it that Jerome was sparring with another demon, though none of us knew the details. He took one of my cigarettes out of the pack without asking. A moment later, the end of the cigarette lit on its own. Show-off. â€Å"Things have actually taken a pleasant turn,† he said. He inhaled deeply and then let the smoke swirl around him. â€Å"One less thing to deal with. I'd hoped the incessant babbling about your romantic woes was also going away, but I suppose that's too much to hope for. Are you still with that charlatan?† I threw up my hands. â€Å"Why does everyone hate Dante? You guys should be embracing him as a brother.† Jerome considered, dark eyes thoughtful. â€Å"He annoys me. You can do better.† â€Å"Jesus Christ,† I said. â€Å"Maybe she'd see that if she'd stop doing stupid shit like sleeping with her therapist,† noted Hugh, in what was apparently supposed to be a helpful tone. I turned on him, eyes wide. â€Å"Did you listen to anything I just said?† â€Å"Plenty,† he said. Meanwhile, Jerome's lazy, pleased expression disappeared. He fixed his gaze on me, eyes burning like flame yet inexplicably making me feel cold all over. He smashed the cigarette out and shot up from his seat. Grabbing my arm, he jerked me up from my own spot and started dragging me from the table. â€Å"Come with me,† he hissed. I stumbled with him out to the hall that led to the restrooms. Once out of the sight of others, he pushed me against a wall and leaned toward me, face filled with fury. It was a sign of his agitation that he was behaving like a human. He could have simply transported both of us to some isolated place. â€Å"You fucked your therapist?† he exclaimed. I gulped. â€Å"I wasn't making much progress.† â€Å"Georgie!† â€Å"Why is this a problem? He was a good soul. I thought that was what you wanted me to do!† â€Å"I wanted you to get this fucking chip off your shoulder that you've had ever since that boring mortal dumped you.† I flinched. It was kind of a weird thing. I'd been so depressed after the Seth breakup that Jerome had finally flipped out and told me to go seek help because he was tired of listening to me â€Å"bitch and moan.† The strangeness of a demon encouraging counseling for one of his employees wasn't lost on me. But honestly, how could he understand? How could he understand what it was like to have your heart smashed? To be ripped from the person you loved most in the world? My whole existence had lost meaning, and eternity had seemed impossible to bear. For weeks, I wouldn't go out or talk much to anybody. I'd isolated myself, lost in my own grief. That was when Jerome had thrown up his hands and demanded I snap out of it. And I had, kind of. I'd swung the other way. I'd suddenly become angry-so, so angry at the way life had treated me. Some of my misfortunes were my own fault. But Seth? I didn't know. I didn't know what had happened there, and I felt wronged by the world and the lifetimes of hurt it kept giving me. So, I'd started getting back at it. I'd stopped caring. I'd thrown myself into full succubus mode: seeking out the most moral men I could, stealing their life, and breaking their hearts with little remorse. It helped with the pain. Sometimes. â€Å"I'm doing what I'm supposed to!† I yelled. â€Å"I'm scoring soul after soul. You have nothing to complain about.† â€Å"You have a bitchy attitude and keep picking fights with everyone-and you aren't getting better. I'm tired of it. And I'm tired of you.† I froze, my antagonism turning to pure fear. When a demon said he was tired of you, it often resulted in being recalled to Hell. Or being smote. â€Å"Jerome†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I tried to assess my best strategy here. Charm? Contrition? He stepped away and took a deep, calming breath. It didn't help much. His anger came through loud and clear. â€Å"I'm sending you away. I'm going to outsource you to someone.† † What ?† My anger returned, pushing my fear away momentarily. Outsourcing was a huge insult to a succubus. â€Å"You can't do that.† â€Å"I can do whatever I fucking want. You answer to me.† A lanky guy turned down the hall, heading toward the restroom. Jerome fixed him with a piercing, terrifying look. The guy yelped and hastily headed back the other way. â€Å"There's an archdemon in Vancouver who wants someone to keep an eye on a cult he has an interest in up there.† â€Å"Up there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My mouth dropped open. â€Å"You mean Vancouver, BC? You're sending me to Canada ?† Fuck. I really had gone too far. There was also a Vancouver in Washington. That wouldn't have been so bad. At least I would have stayed domestic. â€Å"He'd wanted a succubus since he only has one and couldn't spare her. They've got their work cut out for them up there, you know. I almost considered sending them Tawny.† He made a face at the mention of his recently acquired and very, very inept succubus. â€Å"But, well, she's not†¦optimal. I hadn't wanted to give up you either, but now I think it'll be worth missing my useful succubus for a while to get you out of my hair. I need some peace and quiet.† â€Å"Look, Jerome,† I said, hoping I sounded penitent. â€Å"What do you want me to do? Get another therapist? I can do that. I'll get a woman. An ugly one. And I'll try to lay off the attitude and-â€Å" â€Å"That's my decision, Georgie. You need something to occupy you, and this'll make Cedric happy. He figures a succubus is the best choice to infiltrate his little devil-worshipping cult.† â€Å"Devil wor-what, you mean like, Satanists?† â€Å"Something like that.† I stared. â€Å"Canadian Satanists? You're sending me to a group of Canadian Satanists?† His only answer was a shrug. â€Å"If this were happening to anyone else, it would be hilarious,† I said. â€Å"But why are you doing it? Since when do you help anyone-let alone another demon?† Demons tended to be insanely competitive with each other. Again, Jerome didn't answer. He took out a cigarette-honestly, if he had his own, why'd he steal mine earlier?-and did the lighting trick again. He seemed a little less tense after taking a deep drag on it. â€Å"Something else is going on,† I said warily. â€Å"You're using me to use him. What's this really about?† â€Å"Altruism,† he said, rolling his eyes. â€Å"Jerome†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Georgina,† he returned, eyes hard. â€Å"You have no right to question this, not as much as you've pissed me off lately. Now go pack your things and brush up on the metric system.†

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Letter of Advice - Essay Example Good communication tips are indispensible in constructive relationships (Allen, 2002). Proper communication skills enable one in effectively conveying one’s feelings, thoughts and information that are crucial for building an interpersonal experience. It is important to note of the barriers that hinder effective communication and relationships. Most barriers in communication stem from self-protection. However, there are unavoidable circumstances, especially, if partners come from backgrounds that possess disparity (Wood, 2012). The intensity of the situation regards the level of disparity. The crucial thing for partners is that they realize these differences. In turn, they should be aware of how the same affects their communication. Individuals possess fears and insecurities that hinder one from wholly experiencing the benefits of a relationship. The light thing about these fears is that people learn about the same. This comes from the fact that partners may fear judgment from the same. Besides, they fear ridicule and appearing stupid in front of partners. This fear is coupled comes with the view that someone is sensitive of being overpowered. In this sense, fear impairs communication in notable ways. To begin with, a partner would not communicate true thoughts because one preempts what the other partner would like. This creates a situation where an individual stifles one’s emotions and thoughts. ... It articulates as a case of personal insulation. Insensitivity expresses in notable ways. For instance, it comes as a method of diverting others’ concerns. In typical instances, one would turn a mutual conversation towards oneself. It deviates from the person who engages in talking. This occurs when a partner does not have proper listening skills. In certain instances, it comes as a method of attracting attention to oneself. Besides, a partner may experience discomfort out of a conversation. A prominent scenario in such situation regards the fact that partners might not be aware of the same. Additionally, assumptions can be momentous barriers to effective communication. In such instances, information that is sent articulates in a different way for the receiver. This creates misunderstanding that hampers the whole relationship. A typical example regards utilizing signs in communication with the belief that the other partner would understand. Furthermore, labeling and judging ma kes a significant obstacle to communication. In many communication instances, a partner gains control of situations by name-calling. On the other end, judging may consist of praising. Both of the situations do not create adequate scenarios for objective interpretation and response to messages. In terms of listening, it is essential for partners to realize that the same goes beyond hearing. In this sense, partners should involve ears, hearts and minds. Partners must be ready to exert efforts in listening. The first step is mindfulness in the same. It involves full presence in communication. This involves striving to understand the other person without imposing one’s thoughts, ideas and feelings (Wood, 2012). Mindful listening involves adopting the perspective of another

Problem Solving and Google Essay Example for Free

Problem Solving and Google Essay Outstanding opportunities for employees. Google is open for very talented and inspired people, and give best opportunity to be promoted in professional sphere. Example, Oleg, starting his career as an engineer become a leader of developing tools department team after only 8 months period. This is I think very motivating staff. Looking at google HRM site, everything brought so understandable, and impressively clear, I feel that Google knows distinctively what they want from their personnel and how attract people with best abilities. There pretty much attractive links, where I found about working at google, employees tell about why they love working in company. And there are very excellent stories about life at google and all other important info. Company has annual two day conference, where thousands of developers bring together and make a brainstorm the technology of tomorrow. The innovation strategy also is very impressive at google. Becoming the best searching engine in the world, they never stop paying attention to innovation for solving best world challenges. Noticing this it’s understandable how Scott had a long career with Google, as at have developing atmosphere. Compared to other giant companies’ sites, like Shell, Exxon, Microsoft etc., I see that they better deliver information and attract people to become a Googler. For example, teams and roles link design very compactly, and contains brief and excellent explanation of each titles. As Google wrote on their site, It’s really Cool. Telling about Google benefits the company says that they offer excellent social package, for keeping employees healthy, emotionally and financially better. This is of corse common for all great organizations, but the one thing I liked more is their program of travel without worries. Google states that â€Å"Googlers and their families are covered with travel insurance and emergency assistance even on pers onal vacations.† If this is true, this point will be one more magnetic force for increasing of applicants, who will love to work at Google. Noticing that even with more management, Google had a loose organization structure, finally people are self-motivated and  self-managed at every level. Each issue is done through a common mission, shared goals, personal responsibility. I think this helps to create the filling among all employees that they work and act as one big real family, and everybody has freedom. Also it should be noted about condition for new hires. Managers conduct a meeting with junior employees, and help them come up with ways to improve their jobs. This is a significant step up in organization of development of employees and in achieving right direction to professional goals, and respectively it will bring to more business expand. To sum up all above: Answer to Question 2: As recruiting is very important because the more applicants you have, the more selective the company should be. And Google says that over the past couple of years, they spent a lot of time making the hiring process as efficient as possible, reducing time-to-hire and increasing our communications to candidates. They state that they’re looking for smart, team-oriented people who can get things done. And the company makes interview with candidate by evolving four or five present employees. And there are 4 main criteria for successful candidates: leadership, role-related knowledge (strengths, passions, and skills in area of knowledge), how you think (problem solving abilities) and googleyness (ambitious, activean and collaborative). Several interviewer, and then independent committee will select candidates per interviewers feedbacks.

Role Of Womens Rights In Afghanistan

Role Of Womens Rights In Afghanistan Do you think that Afghan nation from the outset needs only men to serve it? Before Islam, women were treated like slaves or property. Their personal consent concerning anything related to their well-being was considered unimportant, to such a degree that they were never even treated as a party to a marriage contract. Women were used for one purpose, and then discarded. They had no independence, could own no property and were not allowed to inherit. In times of war, women were treated as part of the prize. Their condition was unspeakable. In addition, the birth of a daughter in a family was not an occasion for happiness, but was regarded as embarrassment. The practice of killing female children was uncontrolled. With the arrival of Islam a verse came from the Quran criticizing those who practiced female infanticide: And when the news of (the birth of) a female (child) is brought to any of them, his face becomes dark, and he is filled with inward grief! He hides himself from the people because of the evil of that whereof he has been informed. Shall he keep her with dishonor or bury her in the earth? Certainly, evil is their decision (An-Nahle 16:58-59). Afghanistan is the only country in the world where women are symbolized to all other countries. Afghan womens current situation is not only the result of Taliban, but there exists a history over the centuries of Afghan womens situation. Afghanistan is a country that lost all its economical infrastructures passing three decades of war, has been faced with Economical, Social and cultural problems. One of the major problems that Afghans are suffering is violence against womens rights. Taking in to consideration that many activities have been accomplished since 2001 by international and governmental organizations but statistic show that problems have been remained and vast number of women are still suffering from violence. Many of women are deprived from education. A few women participate in political and social activities. As observed in Kabul, a woman suffers from violence every 30 minutes and 3% of women participate in governmental decision making activities. Only 11 percents of women were candidates in the 2010 parliamentary elections. Some of the challenging facts Afghan women faces in daily life are listed as following: Every 30 minutes, an Afghan woman dies during childbirth, 87 percent of Afghan women are illiterate, 30 percent of girls have access to education in Afghanistan, 1 in every 3 Afghan women experience physical, psychological or sexual violence, 44 years is the average life expectancy rate for women in Afghanistan, and 70 to 80 percent of women face forced marriages in Afghanistan (The Plight of Afghan Woman) Since the fall of the Taliban in late 2001, many people would agree that the political and cultural position of Afghan women have improved substantially. The recently adopted Afghan constitution states that the citizens of Afghanistan whether man or woman- has equal rights and duties before the law. So far, women have been allowed to return back to work, the government no longer forces them to wear the all-covering burqa, and they even have been appointed to top positions in the government. Although many people believe that women have equal rights to men, but Afghan women, especially in the rural areas of Afghanistan are not equally treated and their rights are violated. Women are not allowed to get education, women are forced into early age marriage and they have no right to work equally with men and take part in social activities. In many societies today, especially in Afghanistan, a woman is only valued and considered important if she performs the functions of a man, while displaying her feminine attractions to the public. If women get involved in politics, they would stop marrying, having children, and the human race would greatly be affected. Women are emotional creatures, and incapable of making a sound political decision. Afghan men, Typically among Pashtun families, parents believe that their daughters going to school is an immoral act, such as: being friend with the boys and then claiming to marry with the boy of their own choice. They have the ideas saying that their daughters may adopt non-cultural behaviors at school, such as: changes in their clothing, adapting modern clothing and ways of thinking, which are not accepted in Afghan culture. In most afghan families, relatives and friends advise each others for not letting their daughters attend school. A girl is considered as a financial burden on her parents; therefore, parents give their daughters to men who are in their fathers age to receive marriage cost and lessen their home expenses. In the most provinces of Afghanistan, girls are sold to men without knowing a girls consent, and then these girls are used as labors by her husband and in-laws family for carrying physical loads of the whole family. First, its known that education, especially for girls is among basic requirements for an improved life standard in any society, however 85 percents of women and girls are illiterate in Afghanistan. The United States of America International Aid (USAID) allocated fund to address this challenge that constitute the lowest educational level in the country, and girls are facing many problems in this area. Womens education is a foundation for building womens human capital and a requirement for their meaningful participation, effective leadership, and enjoyment equal of rights. Although, the womens right to education is legally protected by law, the Afghan women have been long deprived of their right to education and still the participation of girls and women in various levels and fields of education is limited and they face numerous constraints. Access to equal education opportunity still is a dream for many women. Despite of educational improvements in recent years, women still face a num ber of obstacles in their way to education such as early marriage; restricted movement; cultural barriers, security, transport constraints, shortage of qualified female teachers especially in rural areas, poor school infrastructure and facilities and the lower value attached to girls and womens education. In Afghanistan, the number of girls going to school is less than half the number of school boys and even in some provinces, like Zabul, this percentage is 3%; though the numbers of male and female populations aging between 6-18 year old dont have a considerable difference. Another problem in terms of education in Afghanistan is the number of female schools including elementary and high schools that has decreased considerably. In Kandahar, for example, there are 255 elementary schools, whilst 20 high schools exist in the city. In central region of the country there are 256 elementary schools and only 27 high schools, which show unwillingness of girls to study (Commission). Nearly 10 00 girls schools have been destroyed. Girls and teachers have been killed in a return of the Taliban reign of terror. Only 18% of Afghan women have skilled medical personnel present when they give birth (Feminism, Womens Rights Articles Issues). In Paktia province last year, a shura of elders decided that a 25-year-old man who sexually abused a 7-year-old relative girl should pay compensation to the childs family. They also decreed the girl should marry her rapist when shes older (The Star). Due to fear of Taliban or local warlords, girls cannot go outside their homes. If they go to schools, they are burnt, acid is thrown on their faces, or Taliban kill their family members. Almost in all provinces of Afghanistan girls are sexually abused and harassed. Girls are kidnapped on their way to school. They are kidnapped for different purposes by the Taliban or local warlords, to make money by selling them or to use for smuggling, or marry them by force. Second, forced marriages constitute the other serious problems of women in Afghanistan which is exercised on different ways and forms as to payment of huge dowry, underage marriage, engaging in the very early days when a child is born. Widows are still considered as a heritage and are not allowed to marry other man willingly. Forced marriage is considered to be one of the main cases of women rights violation in all over the country. For instance, only in Helmand Province 144 cases of forced marriage is registered by the Commission so far this year, mostly exercised as badal (girls exchange in families for marriage) and huge payment of dowry. In many parts of Afghanistan, marriages have taken place with threats by the powerful people, gunmen or in repayment for depts. Another reason considerably increases the number of early age marriages is the poverty in Afghan families. Third, in Islam, the value and importance of women in society and the true measure of their success as human beings, is measured with completely different criteria: their fear of Allah (SWT) and obedience to Him, and fulfillment of the duties he has assigned them, particularly that of bearing, nurturing and teaching children. Islam is a practical religion, and responds to human needs and life situations. Many women need, or wish, to work for various reasons. For example, they may possess a needed skill, such as a teacher or a doctor. While Islam does not prohibit women working outside the home, it specifies that the following restrictions be followed to safeguard the dignity and honor of women and the purity and stability of the Islamic society. Muslim women are not forbidden from going out in the community, working, or visiting relatives and female friends, if there is no objection from their guardian/husband and they are covered and behave and speak according to Islamic guidelines and, if necessary, escorted by their Mahram (male relative). However, a womans home should be the main base that she works from. Allah (SWT) instructed the wifes of the Prophet (SAW): O wives of the Prophet! You are not like any other women. If you keep your duty (to Allah), then be not soft in speech, lest he is whose heart is a disease (of hypocrisy or evil desire for adultery, etc.) should be moved with desire, but speak in an honorable manner. And stay in your houses, and do not display yourselves like that of the times of ignorance, and offer prayers perfectly (Iqamat-as-Salat), and give Zakat and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah wishes only to remove Ar-Rijs (evil deeds and sins, etc.) from you, O members of the family [of the Prophet (SAW)], and to purify you with a thorough purification (Quran Al-Ahzab 33:32-33). Afghanistans social development can only be ensured through democracy and the reduction of poverty, the success of both being assured through full participation of women, especially in rural Afghanistan. Afghanistan has always had elite and middle-class women who asserted their rights and walked towards modernization. But a lot of most Afghan women in rural areas have been one of oppression through tribal customs and dictates. Womens rights are human rights. They are not simply American, or western customs. They are universal values which we have a responsibility to promote throughout the world, and especially in a place like Afghanistan. It is not only the right thing to do; it is the smart thing to do.

Pumps industries and scope of submersible

Pumps industries and scope of submersible Overview Of Pumps Industries And Scope Of Submersible Pumps In Global Market Indias economy is based mainly on agriculture and it is the backbone of the country. Indias agriculture depends upon the timely monsoon and the amount of rainfall in any year. To avoid the uncertainty and vagaries of the monsoon, farmers in India resort to various methods of irrigation. India, being a vast country with much variation in geographical conditions, needs several irrigation techniques. In areas of shallow water levels (1-6 metres head axial flow or mixed flow pumps are used to lift water. Where water levels are at 6-40 metres head or on river sides, mostly radial flow pumps are used. For deep bore wells submersible or jet or compressor pumps are used depending on head and discharge requirements and on availability of water in the bore well (yield). Pumps are the vital elements in an enormous range of fluid handling applications and range from small household pumps to immense units utilized in the water, chemical and energy industries. Pump performance requirements and duties vary considerably in terms of material of construction, wide range of temperature, pressure, viscosity, density etc. Pumps are employed in almost all the industries. Pumps Industry In India The first electric motor in India was manufactured in Coimbatore in 1930 and thereafter the motor pump industry expanded rapidly there. Today 60% of Indias requirements of domestic and agricultural pumpsets are made in Coimbatore. The Southern India Engineering Manufacturers Association (SIEMA) (established in 19522)has 215 members, most of whom manufacture motors and pumps of various types. Indian pumps are made according to the specifications of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Coimbatore (with 1.2 million population) is also famous for Textile machinery manufacture and is rated sixth in the world. It is called the â€Å"Manchester† of South India due to the presence of hundreds of spinning mills, cloth and garment manufacturing units in and around Coimbatore. Besides Coimbatore, Ahmedabad, Baroda, Calcutta and Dewas and the other places where agricultural pumps industries are situated. Similarly Rajkot, Agra and Kolhapur are famous for oil engines and Rajkot alone acco unts for 50 percent of engines production. Special Criteria For Motor And Pumps Design: Apart from the general requirements for motor and pump design such as rating, power factor, head, discharge and efficiency, the following factors are to be considered during design of pumpsets. 1) In India, the three phase electricity power supply to villages varies from 240 450 volts with a 47.5 to 51 cycle frequency (standard 415 volt and 50 cycle frequency). Average power supply is 6 to 8 hours daily during summer and most of the time, power supply is around 240 300 volts. In the single phase, voltage varies from 140 250 volts. 2) During summer the ambient temperature is 35 to 40 degree calcius with dry humidity, when hear dissipation by motors or engines is poor. Hence pumpsets are designed for such extreme conditions. 3) The literacy level in Indian villages is very low as is the economy. Consequently, people cannot afford to spend on the maintenance of equipment. Hence, motors, pumps and engines are designed for easy installation, trouble free operation, and easy maintenance for a long service period. Small Industries Testing And Research Centre. ( SITARC) This centre was set up in 1986 for testing motors, pumps, monoblocks, submersible pumps, raw materials and for calibration of instruments. SIEMA contributed an 8,000 m2 piece of land to SITARC where the testing centre is now functioning. The present cost of the land is approximately US$ 500 000. SITARC has the following divisions and facilities: Ø Mechanical, electrical, materials testing and meteorology divisions Ø Research and development, design and engineering divisions Ø HRD/consultancy/information cell Ø Prototyping products and tools in model tool room SITARC is approved as a research centre by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. It is accredited by NABL in the disciplines of mechanical, electrical, chemical and fluid flow and recognized by the Bureau of Indian Standards for ISI testing. Test certificates are recognized by the Export Inspection Agency, RITES, Ministry of Defence, State Electricity Board and the State Water and Drainage Board. SITARC Pump Institute funded by UNDP, UNIDO, Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu, is in the process of setting up the most modern pump testing institute. The cost of the project is US$ 5 million. Product Quality And Performance Of Pumps Industries At Global Level: The BIS assists exporters and industry to meet international standards and quality specifications for global acceptance through its standards formulation, certification, technical and other related activities. BIS is actively involved in the International Organization for Standardlization (ISO) and International Electro- Technical Commission (IEC) and also participates in various technical committees of ISO and IEC. Product quality begins from the selection of raw materials. The BIS has defined materials specifications for each component of pumps and motors and has specified time schedules for calibration of gauges, meters and other tools used in regular testing of pumps. All industries are required to keep calibration records of their equipment and meters. It is mandatory that qualified and properly trained technicians and inspectors are appointed to conduct testing. Most industries have their own quality control systems which are used during the manufacturing stages of each component. A few SIEMA member units are beginning to obtain ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 system certification. Medium and large scale industries use the latest model CNC machines and fully computerized testing facilities to achieve the desired quality. BIS has issued separate standard specifications for each type of pump. Similarly, testing facilities for agricultural, Jet and Submersible pumps are also specified by BIS to be followed by the industries. Each pump manufactured will undergo the following testing procedure before dispatch. Routine Test For Motor: 1) No load current, watts, speed (clock wise and anti clockwise) 2) Breakaway test to find starting torque 3) Full load test of watts, amps, speed, power factor, efficiency slip and temperature 4) For single phase motor, test for moisture proof and current leakage for user safety Routine test for Monoblock in addition to motor test: 5) Test for overall efficiency of the monoblock 6) Test for guarantee of Performance at duty point 7) Overload test in operational range. Because of such a stringent quality control system, pumpsets thus manufactured will have high reliability and superior performance. Types, Perfomance range and price of Indian Pumps at Global Level: 1) Axial flow pumps 2) Monoblock pumps- single phase (240 Volts) 3) Jet centrifugal combination pumps 4) Monoblock pumps- three phase (415 Volts) 5) Submersible Pumpsets 6) Direct coupled or belt driven centrifugal pumps Axial Flow Pumps Axial flow pumps or propeller pumps are used for a head range of 1-6 metres and give high discharge. No priming is necessary for this pumps and it operates at 80-90 percent of pump efficiency. Capacity Head Rnage (cm) output lps 5-30 HP 1-6M 60/300 Prices for Axial flow pumps vary depending on the requirements of head and discharge. Single Phase 2880 Rpm Centrifugal Monoblocks These pumpsets are easy to install, lightweight, ruggedly built and designed for trouble free operation. They are of monoblock construction with a common shaft for the motor and pump. High efficiency of these pumps minimizes power charges. Numerous applications include irrigation of small land holdings, garden, domestic water supply and circulating systems. Motor are made of TEFC body and covers are of cast iron with capacitor start and run, Class â€Å"B† insulation running at 2880 RPM and enclosures with protection IP44 IP 55. Pumps are of end suction, centrifugal design. Castings are of cast iron. Impellers are bronze and dynamically balanced. These Monoblocks are fitted with high quality mechanical seals for long reliable life. Jet Centrifugal Pump Combination Sets These pumpsets are used in borewells are openwells where suction depth is 8-60 metres. They are easy to install on borewells of 75 mm (3†) and larger. As there are no moving parts inside the borewell jet units, maintenance is easier than with submersible pumps. Jet units are available in many sizes for various suction lifts. Three Phase Monoblock Pumpsets Motors are the TEFC 1440/2880 RPM squirrel case induction type. Pumps are the single stage, and suction type and are fitted with cast iron impellers and castings. Stainless steel bushes and brass impeller locking nuts are provided at the pump ent. Gunmetal gland, stainless steel studs and brass nuts are fitted to avoid rusting and to make it easy to replace asbestos packing ropes. Various models are available in monoblock range for selection to meet specific requirements. Three Phase Submersible Pumpsets Submersible motors are designed to operate with 250/450 volts, 50 Hz, 3 phase AC supply. They are fitted with wet type, water-filled, water lubricated squirrel cage induction motors. The motor casing is of stainless steel. The starter winding is made of PVC/Polyester film, wrapped around waterproof copper winding wires. The rotor laminations are fitted with electrolytic grade copper rods, and the ends are brazed with forged copper end rings, mounted on a stainless steel shaft, which is hardened and ground to ensure long life. The shaft is supported by two sets of leaded bronze journal bearings lubricated by water. The Axial thrust generated by the pump is absorbed by a thrust bearing fitted at the bottom of the motor. The motor is seated on radial seal rings. The pump is of multistage centrifugal design, with radial or mixed flow impellers which are of bronze and dynamically balanced. The diffusers are designed to give best possible efficiency and are built into the castings with replaceable guide bushes for easy maintenance. The pump shaft is made of stainless steel hardened and ground. A strainer is fitted at the inlet of pump to prevent entry of solid particles. Single phase submersible pumpsets suitable for 100 to 115 mm borewells are also available. Submersible pumps can be installed in bore wells and very deep wells for irrigation schemes, domestic uses and industrial requirements. Submersible pumps are versatile and are suitable for sprinkler irrigation schemes as booster pumps. Submersible Pumps Suitable For 150 Mm Bore Diameter Direct coupled and belt driven centrifugal pumps are single stage, radial flow and suction type with horizontal shaft and vertically split casings. Pumps are fitted with pulleys or with flexible couplings, to be driven by electric motors or diesel engines. Direct coupled pumps are supplied with a common base plate for fixing the drive units. Diesel Engine Vertical four stroke cycle, single cylinder compression ignition â€Å" water cooled†/ â€Å"air cooled† cold star diesel engine. Diesel engines are designed as prime movers for agriculture, with high efficiency, low fuel and lubricating oil consumption. Grade: 15 and Grade: 20 cast iron and EN 9 matetials are used in the manufacture of these engines. Rigid inspection of components at every stage of the assembly makes every part easily interchangeable. Each engine is tested thoroughly for speed, output and fuel consumption according to the BIS specifications. Thermo-Syphen or a fresh water system is used for wated cooled engines. A blower is attached with a fly wheel for air cooled engines. Single cylinder diesel engines are manufactured up to 10 HP and for above 10 HP, multi cylinder diesel engines are manufactured according to specifications. Electrical Starters And Switches Starters for direct-on-line or manually operated Star-Delta models are suitable for 220 and 440 v-50 Hz, three phase or single phase A.C. These are built-in with over load and single phase protection with bimetal relay arrangements, silver oxide bimetal contacts and other standard features to protect the electric motor from varying supply conditions. Product Average Price FOB Durban $ 3-10 HP range 101 12.5 HP range 106 Three Phase Iron clad Switches (Rewireable): Capacity RatingAverage Price FOB Durban ($) 16 amps 16 32 amps 30 63 amps 69 100 amps 140 Indian Pump Industry Poised To Increase Global Share The Indian Pump manufacturers have traditionally catered to the needs of domestic market. In India, pumps are mainly used for pumping water from wells in households. With the effect of LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) the Indian pump manufacturers have started exporting to foreign countries, where pumps are used for various purposed in different industrial sectors like, oil refineries, steel mills, mines etc. This has led to the increasing trend in export of pumps. Indian Pump Industry is capturing more and more market in the world. Exported to around 70 to 80 Countries, the Indian pump industry is poised to register a faster growth rate than the global average to capture a bigger slice of the international market, states an industry. ‘The Indian Pump industry is set to grow at 6-7 percent over the next three years as against the world pump market, which stands at euro 10 billion and is expected to grow at 4.0 percent per annum, says by Y.I Buch, president of Indian pump Manufacturers Association, in press released published on IndiaPRwire.com. The Industry, which currently has euro 500 million global market share, ‘is expected to grow at a rate faster than the world pump market growth, capturing a larger share of the market, states the study released by the Confederation of Indian Industry(CII). Among machinery, pumps are produced and used in the largest numbers, second only to electric motors. According to industry estimates, India currently produces around one million pumps of various kinds an uses worth around Rs. 900 large, medium and small units producing pumps in the country catering to a range of sectors from agriculture to industries including nuclear power generation. ‘Indian pump manufacturers are able to meet most of the domestic market demand, states Sarita Nagpal, head of manufacturing services of CII, which works closely with the Indian Pump Mnaufacturing Association. Exported to 70 countries, including developed countries, Indian pump industry exports have registered 11 percent growth in the last two years after reversing a negative 11.5 percent trend in 2002-03 to clock 45 percent growth in 2003-04. ‘India has today become a reliable, technically competent, competitive and enterprising outsourcing option for many multinational companies in industrial pumps and systems, said Buch. The growth story has emerged through technical collaborations and joint ventures that Indian companies have had with multinational majors. ‘Technical know how of global standard has thus been well absorbed, Buch said. In addition, various research institutes such as the Small Industries Testing and Research Centre (SiTarc) in Coimbatore, have developed energy-efficient designs for pumps to meet the norms of Indian Standards, keeping in mind manufacturing feasibility with only the basic facilities of small-scale sector. The Indian Pump Industry has an outstanding record of indigenous research and development in all three areas of technological intensities from mass produced pumps for agriculture to gigantic pumps for interlinking rivers, and pumps for critical services such as nuclear power generation, said Nagpal. Keeping pace with changing global standards, the Bureau of Indian Standards has developed 42 sepcifications for indigenous pumps. Till date no other country in the world has set specific norms for minimum efficiency. The norms for minimum efficiency have also been periodically upgraded, such that even the minimum norms are close to 95 percent of internationally recognized ‘chart efficiencies, said Nagpal. Spares, Accessories, Availability And Supply To Global Market For each pump, a trouble shooting and repairing manual, installation and maintenance hand book and spare parts catalogue I supplied to help the customer understand the procedure to follow in dismantling, reassembling and ordering spare parts. Centrifugal, monoblock, jet and submersible pumps consume minimum spares during their lifetime. The manufacturer will specify the required spares for each pump or batch of pumps ordered and these spare parts, can be supplied with the consignment. As most of the items are in regular production, any requirement can be met at short notice and delivery can be arranged. Service Assistance For Installation And Maintenance Centrifugal Pumps are easy to install and run. For Submersible and Jet Pumps, an installation guide book is provided with each pump. Proper training can be provided for a few mechanics at the suppliers premises. SITARC will also have training facilities for pump assembly, testing as well as installation techniques which can also be utilized. Further a few engineers can be made available to train local people at various centres by organizing seminars and classes. Joint Venture With Local Private People. In India economic reforms have been in progress since 1991. Joint ventures, either in India or with African countries are encouraged, depending on the requirements. Joint Ventures either in India or with African countries are encouraged, depending on the requirements. Joint Venture in Africa is possible when the requirement of pumpsets by value is US $ 3 to 4 million per year. Interested parties can contact SIEMA. Most MNCs were initially interested in exporting to the Indian market, but soon realized the need and economic viablility of indigenous manufacturing and working out a joint venture of foreign direct investment for manufacturing. Apart from labour being cheap, availability of technologically skilled and knowledgeable manpower with communicative competence made them to favourably consider the above. MNCs feel that manufacturing base in India can help not only to cater to this market but also to markets in Asia and Africa. Conclusion: It is hoped that the above information is useful. The similarity between India and Southern and East African countries in respect of soil, monsoon pattern, climate, water table, literacy levels, literacy levels, electric system and user method, makes Indian pumps ideal one for African countries.

Scarlet Letter Diary Entries Essay -- The Scarlet Letter Diary Hester

Scarlet Letter Diary Entries Entry 1 I have arrived at my new home. The boat trip was very rough, even to the extent of making me lose track of time. That unclean, floating mass of death was merciful enough to let me be. Too many children have suffered and died on the way to America. I miss Roger a little bit, and hope he comes soon. I'm very lonely and I don't know what I'll do to keep myself busy. Roger was nice enough to give me money to live off of until he comes to be with me. There are a lot of handsome men around here. A single woman could have a lot of fun, and never be by herself. Entry 2 Well, it's been a few weeks since I came ashore on this new land, but I think I'm getting used to the people and their customs. I have a house that's very comfortable and cozy. It's small, but just the right size for Roger and I. The church here is very nice. The minister is young and full of life, and kind of cute too. They welcomed me in with open arms, and I've been invited to attend every Sunday. They all make me feel so at home, I was immediately attached to the people here. I have sewn a new dress for myself for special occasions only. I've worn it to church once and got dozens of compliments on it. I've even got some offers from some of the 'better off' folk, to make dresses for them, but I declined. I'm fine just enjoying life right now. Everything is perfect, except Roger isn't here. It's funny; I don't miss him that much anymore. I keep wondering when he'll a...

Childhood Obesity Essay -- Obesity in Children

One of the biggest problems we currently face as a society is obesity. People all over the nation question why we are having this problem and who is responsible. Who do we turn to to educate our society so that we may address this problem the correct way? The answer: healthy eating habits and exercising should be taught early in a child's life. An excellent place to build these fitness foundations is where children spend almost a third of their time: at school. Physical education should be available for all kindergarten through twelfth-grade students in order to tackle the problems of obesity. The number of overweight youth has more than doubled in the past thirty years according to an article, 'Is Physical Education Becoming an Oxymoron' written by Vicki Worrel, a Physical Education professor at Wichita State University. In addition, fifteen percent out of nine million children, ages six to nineteen, are overweight according to the article 'The Growing Cost of Obesity.' Obesity is one of our nation's largest and most expensive health problems. Obese children have a higher chance of growing up to become obese adults (Troxler 24). As you can see in the statements above, it?s obvious that obesity is a continuing and growing problem and all starts at an early age. Physical activity should be encouraged at an early age. It would be best to make physical education a required school curriculum. A student taking a physical education class will have many benefits. For example, a child taking a physical education class will learn about proper exercising. It would also be wise if the instructors integrated information about healthy eating habits into the curriculum to further increase a child?s knowledge on good dieting. This will help a child develop physically more in strength and endurance which in turn will build healthy bones, muscles, and muscle development. Furthermore, at the same time a child will maintain a healthy weight from eating a nutritional diet. Having studied some physical education classes from personal experience, the coach was very passionate about being healthy. Before leaving P.E. class everyday, he would review all the major food groups and stress that the students stay away from fried foods and consume more fruit in their di et. There are many benefits to exercise. Physical activity can help increase self-esteem and reduce stress an... ...education to all the children in school. This will, in turn, guide our future generation to follow a hale and hearty exercising and diet programs. In addition, such programs will initiate a smaller percentage of children becoming obese and thus growing up as regular healthy adults. As a society, we should depend on the schools to educate our children on physical education and healthy eating habits. Physical education classes should be available for all grades from kindergarten to twelfth grade in order to face the problems of obesity in our society. Works Cited: Loewy, Michael I. Working with Obese Children in Schools. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2012. ?The Growing Cost of Obesity: An Article? National Association of Convenience Store Online. 15 May. 2013. < http://www.nacsonline.com/NACS/News/Daily_News_Archives/May2013/nd0515034.htm> Troxler, Howard. ?Much Mind Exercise and Too Little Physical Education Cause Flab.? The Times. October 2013. Worrel, Vicki. ?Is Physical Education Becoming an Oxymoron: An Article? University Communications, Wichita State University. 19 Sep. 2013. < http://webs.wichita.edu/dt/newsletter/show/?NID=1768&AID=4006> Childhood Obesity Essay -- Obesity in Children One of the biggest problems we currently face as a society is obesity. People all over the nation question why we are having this problem and who is responsible. Who do we turn to to educate our society so that we may address this problem the correct way? The answer: healthy eating habits and exercising should be taught early in a child's life. An excellent place to build these fitness foundations is where children spend almost a third of their time: at school. Physical education should be available for all kindergarten through twelfth-grade students in order to tackle the problems of obesity. The number of overweight youth has more than doubled in the past thirty years according to an article, 'Is Physical Education Becoming an Oxymoron' written by Vicki Worrel, a Physical Education professor at Wichita State University. In addition, fifteen percent out of nine million children, ages six to nineteen, are overweight according to the article 'The Growing Cost of Obesity.' Obesity is one of our nation's largest and most expensive health problems. Obese children have a higher chance of growing up to become obese adults (Troxler 24). As you can see in the statements above, it?s obvious that obesity is a continuing and growing problem and all starts at an early age. Physical activity should be encouraged at an early age. It would be best to make physical education a required school curriculum. A student taking a physical education class will have many benefits. For example, a child taking a physical education class will learn about proper exercising. It would also be wise if the instructors integrated information about healthy eating habits into the curriculum to further increase a child?s knowledge on good dieting. This will help a child develop physically more in strength and endurance which in turn will build healthy bones, muscles, and muscle development. Furthermore, at the same time a child will maintain a healthy weight from eating a nutritional diet. Having studied some physical education classes from personal experience, the coach was very passionate about being healthy. Before leaving P.E. class everyday, he would review all the major food groups and stress that the students stay away from fried foods and consume more fruit in their di et. There are many benefits to exercise. Physical activity can help increase self-esteem and reduce stress an... ...education to all the children in school. This will, in turn, guide our future generation to follow a hale and hearty exercising and diet programs. In addition, such programs will initiate a smaller percentage of children becoming obese and thus growing up as regular healthy adults. As a society, we should depend on the schools to educate our children on physical education and healthy eating habits. Physical education classes should be available for all grades from kindergarten to twelfth grade in order to face the problems of obesity in our society. Works Cited: Loewy, Michael I. Working with Obese Children in Schools. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2012. ?The Growing Cost of Obesity: An Article? National Association of Convenience Store Online. 15 May. 2013. < http://www.nacsonline.com/NACS/News/Daily_News_Archives/May2013/nd0515034.htm> Troxler, Howard. ?Much Mind Exercise and Too Little Physical Education Cause Flab.? The Times. October 2013. Worrel, Vicki. ?Is Physical Education Becoming an Oxymoron: An Article? University Communications, Wichita State University. 19 Sep. 2013. < http://webs.wichita.edu/dt/newsletter/show/?NID=1768&AID=4006>

An Analysis of Robert Ji-Song Kus Leda Essay -- Leda Essays

An Analysis of Robert Ji-Song Ku's Leda      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Robert Ji-Song Ku's short story "Leda," the main character, Sorin, leads a life of imitation. He applies himself to his graduate studies in comparative literature a little too readily: he compares not just text to text; he also compares his life to text, to "works of literature" (Wong 281). If his life does not match that of at least one literary character on several levels of interpretation, whether emotional, physical, or mental, he changes his behavior so that it will. For example, he begins to "smoke and drink - heavily...simply because every one of Hemingway's heroes did it. For a while I drank only vodka martinis in public because I read that James Bond drank it exclusively ... I ... also smoked [his] particular brand of cigarettes" (280). In "Leda," the two influential "oeuvres" (280) are Junichiro Tanizaki's The Bridge of Dreams, a "haunting retelling of the Oedipal myth" (281), and the story of Leda, in Greek mythology. Both have extensive influence on Sorin, and their influences intertwine in his behavior to the extent that it is difficult to separate and identify each.    "Leda" is primarily an Oedipal tale thanks to the influence of Bridge, but, as Sorin "frequently finds himself doing things, saying things, and make certain choices [because] ... some of the most intriguing characters in books have done the same," he mixes Oedipus with Zeus, Castor and Pollux to produce the character he becomes when interacting with Leda, his lover. Oedipus, of course, is the Greek dramatic character who, when he discovers he has married his mother and has had children with her, gouges his eyes out. Zeus is the philandering Greek father of the gods who, according to Greek l... ...or having lived his life vicariously.    Works Cited "Castor and Polydeuces." Microsoft Encarta Online. 27 February 1999 http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/54/05444000.htm. "Cheju Island." 17 February 1999 http://www.chejuinfo.net/index_e.html. Criss, P. J. "Leda." 17 February 1999 http://www.cybercom.com/~grandpa/ledax.html. Hefner, Alan G. "Zeus." The Encyclopedia Mythica. 27 February 1999 http://www.pantheon.org/mythica/articles/z/zeus.html. "Leda and the Constellation Cygnus." Department of Engineering, University of Michigan. 17 February 1999 http://windows.ivv.nasa.gov/mythology/cygnus.html. Webb, Ruth H. "Leda." 17 February 1999 http://www.princeton.edu/~rhwebb/leda.html. Wong, Shawn, ed. Asian American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers, 1996.      

Sourcing of Materials for ISML

As part of my AMMT program, I have completed my three months internship program from a well-known industry named â€Å"Viyellatex Group†. During my internship period in â€Å"Viyellatex Group†, I have gained valuable knowledge and experience in the field of Supply Chain. So based on my learning and experience from the organization I have completed my internship report on Sourcing of Materials for ISMLâ€Å"Viyellatex Group†. In this paper I have tried to focus and analyze the core Material Management of ISML and what kind of value added services they are providing to their Buyer and Supplier.In the report I have discussed what kind of activities I have done describes in details in Supply Chain Department. Material sourcing, Purchasing & procurement, Inventory, in housing etc. In the terms of Sourcing I have basically discussed about the Executive Search of materials from the Supplier. In ISML supplier relationship is very confidential. In case of training I have tried to explain the different area of Sourcing. These are: current price of materials, how to get quality material with a minimum cost. In the methodology I have mentioned 30 population size and 7 sample size.In recommendations how the industry can improve and also give some suggestions. In this report the problems, scope, limitations and various analyses are also done. In this report I have also tried to analyze the benefits of these services as well as my learning from the organization. From my personal view the learning aspect was fruitful and the experience there will help me in the future. I have learnt many aspects of MM, working with different sections of the company. Mainly working with SCM and Warehouse of the company was a great learning oopportunity.This mearns the information of this report has been collected from company database and company past record files. Also data collected from Human Resource Manual and textbooks from various libraries. Primary data analysis: Fo r the main prospect of my report I have decided to use primary data analysis. For this I have structured a small survey using the â€Å"descriptive research design† in the perspective of Material Management department of the company. I also interviewed my supervisor Monowar Hossain, Head of Material Management, ISML. The research itself is both the mixture of Quantitative & Qualitative research:In the qualitative part it is an unstructured, exploratory research methodology based on small samples indented to provide insight and understanding of the Material Management department’s aactivity. But in case of qualitative side I have used structured questioner method and used standard sample size from the population of the whole Material Management department. As I have mentioned before the research design I have used in this analysis is â€Å"Descriptive Research Design† Under descriptive research design we know there are two types of methods are normally used they are: . Survey method 2. Observation method For my analysis I have used the survey method. This method works by obtaining information based on questioning of respondents. Respondents are asked a vvariety of questions regarding their behavior, intentions, attitudes, awareness and motivations. Question are basically asked either Verbally or in writing or both in same time. In this case I have decided to use the structured questioner format and asked the questions both verb ally and allowed them to write the aanswers.I followed also the observation method, where I have learned many things by the official environments and colleagues. Observation also based on personal experiences shared by the fellow in the Group. 1. 3 Scope The report is totally based on material management I mean supply chain management. We know it’s a department of ISML. Here I've discussed about all the materials for manufacturing garments I mean manufacturing a shirt. I also discussed about producing company of all that materials. I mentioned their price and competitive price in the market.I include here both international and local supplier company. 1. 4 Limitations # The study is undertaken considering ins and outs of the Material Management practices based on the Supply Chain Management of Interfab Shirt Manufacturing Ltd. and on personal experiences shared by the fellow in the Group. Personal biases and inconsistencies in the MM Manual with the current practices may be possible setbacks. # A relatively short period of internship may also be a reason to possibly overlook certain Misunderstandings or unfound details that may be of valued importance. Unavailability of data could be due to engagement of the current employees in Viyellatex Group. Experienced employees could have provided the required data. ? A good number of entrepreneurs are themselves ignorant about using the MM policies not only to source materials, but also to purchase and procure them. Due to shortage of time and oo pportunity collected data could not be possible to compare with the data from other entrepreneurs. ? Data collection was complicated due to high turnover rate. Turnover ratio calculation was not possible due to poor record keeping. CHAPTER-2

Patterns of World History Vol 1

valet and Ideas Some of the virtually bureauful ideas humans developed during primaeval divination of 3000 BCE to 618 CE have been just about techniques to improve living. New scientific ideas from the design of the wheel to the hand crank watch have transformed how millions of mint live. The way technological ideas have accumulated all over time and the effects they have had on society is maven of the main themes of arena fib. Shortly before 3000 BCE, Mesopotamians invented a technological idea which ended in a writing strategy called cuneiform that increase communication, record keeping, and abstract thought.Through symbols written on wet clay tablets that represented objects and sounds, history could be recorded for the archetypical time. make-up was a major expansion of the conceptual horizon of human anatomy that reached back to the prototypical flaked s gross t wizs, ornaments, figurines, and cave paintings in the Paleolithic (Von Sivers 44). proterozoic me tallurgists discovered that by adding tin to papal bull they were able to make bronze which was overmuch harder than copper and provided a sharper snub edge which was the st maneuver of the Bronze years (Lecture).By 2800 BCE Sumer entered into what is described as the protoliterate period where scribes would take in with pictograms and official seals but there was let off no official written verbiage (Lecture). Harappan cities were unique to the 1700s BCE due to the meticulously planned football field-like design that let ind a most elaborate urban john arrangement for ancient times. Remarkably straight, brick coat streets ran in north/south, east/ westernmost axes forming square blocks of public buildings, temples, and markets in well-to-do locations.Houses had brick-lined indoor wells and primitive toilets emptying into terra-cotta cesspits whose overflow connected to the citys drains and sewers (Von Sivers 80). Located several miles up the Sabarmati River from the disjuncture of Khambat, Lothal was a blown-up, perhaps the chief, of all handi finesse seaports around 1700 BCE. Lothal central structure is an great basin, about 120 feet long and 70 feet wide. The location of Lothal on the Arabian ocean indicates a colligate between Harappan cities and dispense that would have reached Mesopotamia and possibly Egypt.Lothal was also a famous regional invention center, with small beads use for nonfunctional craft items and jewelry as its chief production for internal shift and export (Von Sivers 80). close to 1700 BCE, the chariot and composite bow make their entry into the Middle East and easterly Mediterranean region, transforming armies who previously relied solely on foot soldiers. Black smiths mastered the art of constrict making and incorporated press out into their chariot armies, in the form of swords, helmets, and protecting(prenominal) armor (Von Sivers 53).The Shang Dynasty used the horse to poke chariots, which transforme d the Chinese warfare for menu, which associate disparate regions of china and helped the Shang to expand. It was a feature in art and poetry and consequently offered a new symbol for artisan and poets to work with. It will also link China to nomadic horse mass from the north and west (Von Sivers 110). The people in Meroe mined, smelted, and forged push which they were the primary to do so in sub-Saharan Africa. The craft of campaign smelting evolved gradually in Hittite Anatolia during several centuries after 1500 BCE.The possible cattle ranch of iron-working sills from the Middle East to Africa has not been satisfactorily proved. Iron workers in African villages adapt iron-making to topical anesthetic anaesthetic village circumstances. The production of iron, or greater import was the knowledge f how to forge the bloom-the combination of raw iron and slag- into an iron- carbon allow that was neither as well soft nor too brittle (Von Sivers 165). Chariots and bows we re introduced to the Shan troops between 1300-1200 BCE. Around 1200 BCE, The Olmec crafted figurines, mask of clays, and make figurines from jade and serpentine.The Olmec heads were carved from 18 ton blocks of basalt that were quarried 70 miles away from San Lorenzo. Large groups of workers bring up beams from which the basalt blocks, weighing 18 tons on average, hung in slings. They carried these blocks to the coast and shipped them to San Lorenzo on rafts. There, sculptors make the blocks into fierce-looking, helmeted heads, kneeling or sit down figures, and animal statues (Von Sivers 145). The Lydians are notable for having created in 615 BCE the first minted money in domain of a function history, coins make of silver and gold and used in trade (Von Sivers 199).The Achaemenids created an elaborate system of roads known as the gallant roads around 550 BCE for communication and transportation of troops and trade. The Persian Empire in particular covered vast amounts of land, from Anatolia to Egypt and Mesopotamia, to modern day Afghanistan. The Persian Empire was twain centralized and decentralized. One centralized aspect, as revealed by the roads, was the need to pay taxes and premium to the shahinshah, the emperor. Even more revealing is the dash of the Persian roads, with distance markers at unfaltering intervals, inns and depots indicating the sophistication of the Persian infrastructure.The centralization of the imperium is set ahead revealed by the regulation that local parts of the road had to be keep by the local governors, appointed by the emperor thus even out to the local level the emperor had influe nce (Von Sivers 200). The Achaemenids achieved their conquests with the help of light armed highly mobile attach archers as well as heavy armored, slow-moving cataphracts-horsemen with protective armor consisting of iron scales sewn on leather shirts. Quilts and iron scales protected the horses. The archers fought with composite bows and the cataphracts, with 5-foot long, iron-tipped lances for thrusting.Infantry soldiers armed with bows, arrows, shields, and javelins provided contain for the cavalry, complementing its tank-like thrust (Von Sivers 200). The Well-Field System was an attempt to unsnarl the more conf utilize aspects of land establishment around 500 BCE. The Zhou was the first among some(prenominal) dynasties to attempt to impose a uniform system of land upgrade in China. Each square Li(one li is about one-third of a mile), consisting of 900 mou(each mou is approximately one- sextetth of an acre) was divided into a grid of nine plots.Individual families would each work one of the eight outside plots while the center(a) one would be farmed in park for the taxes and rents owed the landowner or local officials (Von Sivers 117). In the 5th Century BCE, sculptors began to explore physiological movement, emotion, and individual character by Greek Painting and Sculpture. Greek vase paintings and sculptures achieved a singular wide range, from figures exerting themselves in their chosen sports to composed models of human beauty.Greek sculptors and painters abandoned symbolism and instead, embraced realness as their style of internal representation in which we call today photographic representation (Von Sivers 229). Craftspeople from the Chavin de Hauntar around 500 BCE made beads, pendants, muffin tools and leather goods, but pioneered new techniques cartel the wool from llamas with cotton to create a new blended cloth. They decorated it using new methods of dyeing and painting. gildedsmiths demised new methods of join and alloying gold and silver to make large ornamental objects.Small objects, such as rosy headbands, ear spools, beads, and pins, signified prestige and wealth. Gold artifacts found in the graves of the pixilated attest to the value residents of Chavin placed on gold (Von Sivers 144). What technical and cultural suppuration allowed the people of the Lapita culture to sp sympathize end-to-end the Pacific Islands? 500 BCE-200 BCE- The Polynesian Islands were colonised in part due to public opinion poll and paddle-driven canoes, which were further improved by the rundown of outriggers or double hulls.These boats improvements allowed the Polynesians to sail further and reach some of the more out-of-town islands. Cultural developments included the ability to carry on elaborate, detailed mental maps of islands, ability to read wind patterns and currents, and retention of celestial knowledge that allowed for navigation (Von Sivers ). The Silk Road was an overland trade routes that connected eastern and western Eurasia, outgrowth at the end of the fourth ampere-second BCE (Von Sivers 286).Mayans developed writing that was a interlinking combination of glyphic and syllabic script as early as 400-300 BCE. Mayan writing is a glyphic as well as a syllabic script, numbering some 800 signs. It is structurally similar to Sumerian c uneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphic. The glyphic part consists of pictograms, one-word images of the most essential features of what is to be depicted. Glyphs as syllables consist of one, two, or trio of syllabic glyphs, or syllabaries, are enunciate as a series of syllables.Given the motley of pictograms and syllabaries, which is potentially immense, the complexity of Mayan writing appeared for a long time to be an unconquerable obstacle to any effort at deciphering (Von Sivers 182). Around 300 BCE, The Upanishadic writers, or which one hundred are known, thought that the Vedic religion had become too distrait due to the thousands of gods. The Upanishads instead sought a monist, rather that polytheistic approach, and sought for a first principle, a universal the true that did not require the worship of many different gods.The Upanishadic writers were hermits who wanted to reach consistency with the universal self, which would remove them from the cycle of changeover and rede ath that characterized earthly life. Salvation in this system was moksha, escape from reincarnation. This salvation was achieved through surmisal and brief aphorisms becoming a life-sustaining part of a new evolving customs (Von Sivers 248). Around 221 BCE, the Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of the Qin, unadulterated a significant part of empire and state building.These are several accomplishments of Shi Huangdi to include building the Great Wall of China that was massive project stretching over 1400 miles to safeguard against attacks by nomadic people in the north standardized weights, measures, and neologism building roads, canals, irrigation, water conservancy projects his tomb with lifesize warriors use of conscripted labor and the implementation of Legalism as the primary philosophy of the realm. Each of these was designed primarily to increase the centralized power of the Qin leader and his state.Babylonians were great mathematicians, who worked fractions, whole numb er and square roots as well as some of the elementary theorems of geometry (Lecture). kickoff from the foundations of the Sumerians, the Babylonians made advances in arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. Buddhism, the most ambiguous intellectual influences from India on the surrounding regions was in science and mathematics. During the period from the second nose candy BCE until the second century CE India was an importer of scientific and mathematical concepts from the Greco-Roman and Persian spheres.Greek geometry, made its way into northern India during this time. Concepts of Indian health regimens-some involving yoga discipline-along with the vast body of Indian medicine, with its big knowledge of herbal remedies, also count to have moved west. In the area of mathematics and astronomy an important tax write-off of ideas took place in the developing the first Indian calendars, which were based on the lunar months, through a year consisted of six seasons and an intercalary peri od was inserted every 30 months to make up the difference with the solar year.The Indians then adopted the calendar of the eastern Mediterranean and southwest Asia, which had a 7 day week, a 24-hour day, and a 365-day solar year-along with the 12 zodiacal signs of the Greco-Roman population (Von Sivers 264). The earthenware produced during the Tang dynasty 618 CE is among the most covet in the world today. Perhaps even more impressive, by this time, too, artisans were producing a kind of proto-porcelain that, with increasing refinement, would be know in the succeeding centuries to the outside world as china (Von Sivers 284).Throughout history, humans have commensurate their ideas to their environment and learned to overcome obstacles, thus paving the way for new elements of technology. Humans expressed themselves and communicated with one another in sophisticated ways through paintings, sculptures, and the decorative arts as well as writing, construction, and metals. Of more recen t, humans invented writing systems that gave nascence to many forms of literature. Humans have wrestled with ideas and beliefs regarding technology.